Product of USA: Regulatory Meaning, Trade History, and Structural Labeling Implications

Product of USA: Regulatory Meaning, Trade History, and Structural Labeling Implications FAT RESEARCH SERIES Product of USA Regulatory Meaning, Trade History, and Structural Labeling Implications Farm Animal Transparency Research Paper Paper No. 1 (Labeling Law) February 2026 Abstract “Product of USA” is a voluntary claim regulated through USDA-FSIS meat labeling oversight. Historically, the claim often […]

Evidence Supporting Reinstatement of COOL for U.S. Beef, Pork, and Chicken

Evidence Supporting Reinstatement of COOL for U.S. Beef, Pork, and Chicken Background and Renewed Interest in COOL Mandatory Country-of-Origin Labeling (COOL) for meat was first enacted in the 2002 Farm Bill and implemented in 2009, requiring retailers to label fresh beef, pork, chicken, and certain other foods by origineverycrsreport.comeverycrsreport.com. In 2015, however, Congress repealed COOL […]

Evidence That Does Not Support COOL

Evidence That Does Not Support COOL—-Impact of COOL on U.S. Beef, Pork, and Chicken Producer Prices (2000–Present)  Background: What Is COOL and Why It Matters Country-of-Origin Labeling (COOL) for meat became mandatory in the U.S. in the 2000s (effective 2009 for fresh meats) with the intent to inform consumers of where their food animals were […]

Policy & Market Pressures on Transparent Domestic Beef

Policy & Market Pressures on Transparent Domestic Beef Introduction American beef producers face converging regulatory and market forces that demand greater transparency in cattle origin and production. Recent policy shifts – from the USDA’s tightening of “Product of USA” label rules to executive actions promoting supply-chain scrutiny – are reshaping how domestic beef is marketed. […]

What is American Hamburger

Is My Hamburger Really American? A FAT Guide to American Hamburger Transparency and Ground Beef Transparency In light of recent discussions about American Hamburger Transparency, it’s essential to understand the complexities of ground beef sourcing.

Biden Leadership on Beef Marketing

In my experience as a Montana cattleman for the last 40 years, a frequent topic of rancher conversations has been concentration in the beef packer business which has reduced cattlemen’s share of beef value by more than 30%.

Another significant rancher concern has been inaccurate beef labeling about the origin of the beef sold in the meat case.

Because of the legitimate concerns, I’d like to highlight three successful federal efforts that are particularly important for Montana ranchers that arose from Biden Leadership on Beef Marketing